28 April 2011, 18:00 UTC
Presentation:
→ Summary of Reactor Status
Presentation:
→ Summary of Reactor Status
1. Current situationOverall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant remains very serious, but there are signs of recovery in some functions, such as electrical power and instrumentation.
2. Changes to Fukushima Daiichi plant status
The IAEA receives information from various official sources in Japan through the Japanese national competent authority, the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA). Additional detail is provided in the IAEA Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) status summary with information received by 17:00 UTC on 27 April 2011.
3. Management of on-site contaminated water
According to the 25 April evaluation by NISA of the report submitted by the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), there is a little less than 70,000 tonnes of stagnant water with high level radioactivity in the basement of the turbine buildings of Units 1, 2 and 3.
4. Plant status
4. Plant status
On 25 April the power supply for the temporary electrical pumps that supply water to the reactor pressure vessel of Units 1, 2 and 3 was switched from the off-site power supply to temporary diesel generators to allow work to enhance the off-site power supply. The power supply has now been returned to the off-site supply.
White smoke continues to be emitted from Units 2 and 3. No more white smoke was seen coming from Unit 4 as of 21:30 UTC on 25 April.
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| Water Generated in Fukushima Chart |
In Unit 2 The indicated temperature at the feedwater nozzle of the reactor pressure vessel is 120.4 °C. The reactor pressure vessel and the dry well remain at atmospheric pressure. On 26 April an amount of 47.5 tonnes of fresh water was injected into the spent fuel pool using the spent fuel pool clean-up system.
In Unit 2 and 3 Fresh water is being continuously injected into the reactor pressure vessel through the fire extinguisher line at an indicated rate of 7 m3/h using temporary electric pumps with off-site power.
In Unit 3 The indicated temperature at the feed water nozzle of the reactor pressure vessel is 72.0 °C and at the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel is 110.7 °C. The reactor pressure vessel and the dry well remain at atmospheric pressure.
In Unit 4 Water continues to be sprayed on to the spent fuel pool using a concrete pump truck. An amount of 85 tonnes of water was sprayed on 27 April.
There has been no change in the status in Unit 5 or Unit 6 or in the common spent fuel storage facility.
2. Radiation monitoring
Deposition of Cs-137 was detected in four prefectures on 26 and 27 April, the values reported ranging from 4 Bq/m2 to 29 Bq/m2. I-131 deposition was reported for one prefecture on 26 April, with a value of 3.3 Bq/m2.
Gamma dose rates are measured daily in all 47 prefectures. A general decreasing trend has been observed in all locations since around 20 March. For the Fukushima prefecture gamma dose rates remain at 1.8 μSv/h. In Ibaraki prefecture gamma dose rates were slightly below 0.12 µSv/h. The other 45 prefectures had gamma dose rates of below 0.1 µSv/h, falling within the range of local natural background radiation levels. Gamma dose rates reported specifically for the eastern part of Fukushima prefecture, for distances beyond 30 km from the Fukushima Daiichi plant, showed a similar general decreasing trend, ranging from 0.1 to 13.6 µSv/h, as reported on 26 April.
On-site measurements at the west gate of the Fukushima Daiichi plant indicate the presence of I-131 and Cs-137 in the air in the close vicinity of the plant (within approx. 1 km). The concentrations in air reported since 31 March show a maximum on 14 April of 11.8 x 10−4 Bq/cm3 for total I-131 and 2.7 x 10-4 Bq/cm3 for total Cs-137. The values reported for 26 April are 9.0 x 10−5 Bq/cm3 for total I-131 and 2.4 x 10−5 Bq/cm3 for total Cs-137.
Since 1 April there has been one remaining restriction on the consumption of drinking water relating to I-131 (with a limit of 100 Bq/L), which applies to one village in the Fukushima prefecture and only for infants.
- Enforced plan on environmental monitoring
On 22 April the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) issued a press release on an 'Enforced plan on environmental monitoring' with the objectives of obtaining an overview and providing data necessary to support the decision to establish the planned evacuation zones.
To meet these objectives, the plan included the following:
− Collection of data on the distribution of radioactive material inside an appropriate area, including the area in the vicinity of the Fukushima Daiichi plant;
− Preparation for future evaluations of changes in dose rates and accumulated amounts of radioactive material in all delineated zones around the Fukushima Daiichi plant;
− Provision of information on environmental dose rates for the purpose of evaluation of personal radiation doses to local residents.
- Food monitoring
Analytical results for 125 of the 129 samples for various vegetables, mushrooms, fruit (strawberry), pork, seafood, fresh milk and raw unprocessed milk indicated that I-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137 were either not detected or were below the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. In Fukushima prefecture, two samples of spinach from 24 and 25 April and two samples of seafood (sand lance) from 26 April were above the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities for Cs-134/Cs-137.
- Food restrictions
3. Marine monitoring
Marine monitoring programme
The marine monitoring programme is carried out both near the discharge areas of the Fukushima nuclear power plant by TEPCO and at off-shore stations by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). The locations of the sampling positions, including several new additional positions, were provided in the briefings of 26 April and 27 April. Contamination of the marine environment occurred by aerial deposition and by discharges and outflow of water with contamination.
Monitoring at off-shore sampling positions consists of:
1. Measurement of ambient dose rate in air above the sea;
2. Analysis of ambient dust above the sea;
3. Analysis of surface samples of sea water;
4. Analysis of samples of sea water collected at 10 m above the sea bottom.
The analysis for almost all sampling positions has shown a general decreasing trend in concentrations of the relevant radionuclides over time. Samples from the coastal positions still show higher concentrations of such radionuclides than samples from the off-shore positions. The radionuclides I-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137 are still detected in most sea water samples, but no longer for some of the off-shore positions.
First Published Thursday, 28 April 2011 08:08 am - © 2011 Need to Know News
-- Updating Story Which Ran At 02:00 EDT With Official's Comments
HONG KONG (MNI) - The costs of reconstruction in the wake of the devastating Japanese earthquake in March will be manageable, the Director of the International Monetary Fund's Asia and Pacific Department said Thursday.
Asked about Standard & Poor's recent downgrade of its outlook on Japan's sovereign debt, Anoop Singh noted that government bond yields have stayed "low and stable" since the earthquake, suggesting that Tokyo can fund reconstruction.
"Our view on that is that while the reconstruction costs will add to the deficit, our sense is that the amount is likely to manageable and the spending will be, by nature, temporary and likely be spread over several years," he told reporters at a briefing here. "In terms of further financing, a number of options are available and we are sure the government will consider all the options, including possibly a modest tax hike." Singh was speaking following the release of an IMF report which argued that Asian governments should speed up the pace at which they are tightening economic policy.
The IMF said the Japanese earthquake and rising geopolitical worries are among the risks to its outlook, but said the pace of tightening has "generally been slow, possibly reflecting lingering doubts about the strength of the global recovery and of private domestic demand in Asia.""Against the background of strong economic growth and overheating concerns, the need to tighten macroeconomic policy stances in Asia has become more pressing now than it was six months ago," it said in its latest Regional Economic Outlook.
HONG KONG (MNI) - The costs of reconstruction in the wake of the devastating Japanese earthquake in March will be manageable, the Director of the International Monetary Fund's Asia and Pacific Department said Thursday.
Asked about Standard & Poor's recent downgrade of its outlook on Japan's sovereign debt, Anoop Singh noted that government bond yields have stayed "low and stable" since the earthquake, suggesting that Tokyo can fund reconstruction.
"Our view on that is that while the reconstruction costs will add to the deficit, our sense is that the amount is likely to manageable and the spending will be, by nature, temporary and likely be spread over several years," he told reporters at a briefing here. "In terms of further financing, a number of options are available and we are sure the government will consider all the options, including possibly a modest tax hike." Singh was speaking following the release of an IMF report which argued that Asian governments should speed up the pace at which they are tightening economic policy.
The IMF said the Japanese earthquake and rising geopolitical worries are among the risks to its outlook, but said the pace of tightening has "generally been slow, possibly reflecting lingering doubts about the strength of the global recovery and of private domestic demand in Asia.""Against the background of strong economic growth and overheating concerns, the need to tighten macroeconomic policy stances in Asia has become more pressing now than it was six months ago," it said in its latest Regional Economic Outlook.
Inflation is spreading as commodity prices rise while closing output gaps are also adding to incipient price pressures, the IMF warned, singling out Australia, India, Indonesia, Korea, the Philippines and Thailand.
The Chinese government should maintain its current "prudent" monetary stance to stop inflation spreading, the IMF said, even as it forecast easing price pressures ahead. "The current episode of inflation does not look like a bout of generalized overheating with China's strong growth beginning to bump up against capacity constraints," it said. "Barring future supply shocks (either domestically or in global commodity markets), inflation in China is likely to return toward the low single digits in the second half of 2011." Singh told reporters that Chinese inflation, which rose 5.4% y/y in March, will peak soon before returning to the 4% to 4.5% range.
As outlined in its World Economic Outlook issued earlier in the month, the IMF said Asian growth will average nearly 7% this year and next, led by China and India. China will grow 9.6% this year and 9.5% in 2012, while India is set to expand by 8.2% and 7.8% respectively.
The March 11 Japanese earthquake will see growth plunge to 1.4% this year from 3.9% last year before rising to 2.1% in 2012. A separate study found on that the Bank of Japan's monetary easing measures found a positive, if small, impact on asset prices while the asset purchase program started in October 2010 has "lowered the tail risks in financial markets."
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